Minimum Critical Mass in Intermediate Reactors Subject to Constraints on Power Density and Fuel Enrichment

Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle and Robbins’ Criterion allow us to find, in the general case of intermediate reactors, the distribution of fuel enrichment that minimizes the critical mass of a reactor of given power and subject to constraints on the maximum power density and on the enrichment. The two group diffusion model is used in slab geometry. The optimal sequence of control (enrichment) zones is made up of a central constant power density zone, a zone of maximum enrichment, a zone of variable enrichment (where the control is singular) and finally an external zone of minimum enrichment (or a reflector). In the particular case of fast reactors the optimal solution does not include the singular control zone.