Secondary Doses in Anthropomorphic Phantoms Irradiated with Light Ion Beams

The mathematical anthropomorphic phantoms EVA-HIT and ADAM-HIT have been used in the Monte Carlo code SHIELD-HIT07 for simulations of lung tumor and prostate irradiation with light ions. Calculations were performed for ¹H, ⁷Li, and ¹²C beams of energies in the range of 80 to 330 MeV/u. The secondary doses to organs, due to scattered primary ions and secondary particles produced in the phantoms, were studied taking into account the contribution from secondary neutrons, secondary protons, pions, and heavier fragments from helium to calcium. The doses to organs per dose to target (tumor) are of the order of 10^-6 to 10^-1 mGy Gy^-1 and decrease with increasing distance from the target. In general the organ dose per target dose increases with increasing Z of the primary particle; however, for lighter primary ions (Z 3) and for organs close to the target, scattered primary particles show a nonnegligible dose contribution.