Laboratory and Environmental Mineral Analysis using a Californium-252 Neutron Source

Rapid nondestructive mineral analysis can be performed with use of a ²⁵²Cf neutron source and a lithium-drifted germanium [Ge(Li)] diode gammaray detector. Also, in situ analysis of terrestrial and marine mineral deposits appears practical. Laboratory studies show that a 1- or 2-min exposure of mineral samples to the thermalized neutron flux from a 1-mg ²⁵²Cf source followed by a 1- or 2-min count with an 80-cm³ Ge(Li) diode will allow the measurement of most elements at concentrations of 10- to 100-fold below the levels of economic interest. The technology developed for laboratory mineral analysis is described and its applicability to in situ terrestrial and seabed mineral exploration is discussed.