Necessary Extensions and Modification of Fluid Transport Theory for the Tokamak Plasma Edge

Theoretical analysis and interpretation of experimental measurements indicate the need to extend the fluid theory used in the tokamak plasma edge to include ion orbit loss of thermalized ions and to retain (mainly) electromagnetic pinch forces in the momentum balance in order to derive transport equations which conserve particles, energy, and momentum. The features of such an extended steady-state fluid theory have been derived from first principles in several papers and are summarized herein.