High Heat Flux Removal Using a Hypervapotron—I: High Heat Flux–Side Controlling Parameters

A hypervapotron is an excellent candidate for single-side high heat flux removal (HHFR). Hypervapotron HHFR is accomplished by subcooled two-phase flow boiling and conjugate heat transfer involving efficient vapor generation, channeling, and condensation. To characterize additional optimal operating characteristics effectively using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and/or experimental approaches (and/or design approaches), knowledge of the hypervapotron controlling parameters is essential for timely identification of enhancements to the HHFR configuration. To that end, three high heat flux–side controlling parameters and a characteristic temperature difference have been identified. These parameters include the effects of conjugate heat transfer, two-dimensional channel-wall dimensionless aspect ratios, and the characteristic temperature difference. Finally, these parameters may be useful in CFD (and experimental and/or design approaches) studies for optimizing HHFR and thermal protection in fusion and aerospace systems.