Brazed Graphite for Actively Cooled Plasma-Facing Components in Tore Supra — Description, Tests, and Performance

The graphite-based first wall of Tore Supra is designed to sustain particle and heat exhausts under steady-state conditions (additional power of 25 MW and 30-s pulse duration). Therefore, state-of-the-art brazing techniques were developed for the plasma-facing armor, such as the inner first wall, pumped limiters, and ergodic divertor structures. The different plasma-facing components are described, and the brazing techniques and quality control measures are discussed. Results of heat flux testing and performance during plasma operation are also reported.